Title

Current trends on immunotherapy for oncology

Authors

Neya Kavya Chander¹, A. Prashannalakshmi², Phanish Chandra Ravi³, Aravind Muthiah⁴, Yagvalkya Sharma⁵, Gajalakshmi Suriyanarayanan^6,* & P.S Shakthipriya⁷

Affiliation

¹Institute of Internal Medicine, Madras Medical College & Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai, India; ²Department of Medicine, Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench branch, Uzbekistan; ³Department of Internal Medicine, SVS Medical College, Mahabubnagar, India; ⁴Department of Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, India; ⁵Department of Research, Kalp Research Work, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India; ⁶Department of Community Medicine, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India; ⁷Institute of Internal Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Neya Kavya Chander - E-mail: nychander01@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9384025898

A Prashannalakshmi - E-mail: prashannahu@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9940594556

Phanish Chandra Ravi - E-mail: phanishchandra183@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9949504761

Aravind Muthiah - E-mail: aravindnobel@gmail.com; Phone: +91 8072027657
Yagvalkya Sharma - E-mail: sonusharma23@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9953329363

Gajalakshmi - E-mail: sgajalakshmi1911@gmail.com; Phone: +91 8197600376

P.S Shakthi Priya - E-mail: shakthipriyaps23@gmail.com; Phone: +91 7305254593

Article Type

Review

Date

Received July 1, 2025; Revised July 31, 2025; Accepted July 31, 2025, Published July 31, 2025

Abstract

Immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology by harnessing the patient’s own immune system to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, leading to durable responses in a variety of malignancies. Over the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 have become standard of care across multiple solid tumors, while chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in hematologic cancers. Despite these successes, challenges such as primary and acquired resistance, immune-related toxicities, and high treatment costs continue to limit broader application. Emerging strategies including novel checkpoint targets (e.g., LAG-3, TIGIT), next-generation cellular therapies, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses are under active investigation to expand therapeutic options and improve patient outcomes. Biomarker development for patient selection and combination regimens with chemotherapy, targeted agents, and radiation are critical to overcoming resistance mechanisms. Looking ahead, personalized immunotherapy approaches leveraging tumor neoantigens and the tumor microenvironment hold promise for more precise and effective treatments.

Keywords

Cancer immunotherapy; immune checkpoint inhibitors; CAR T-cell therapy; tumor microenvironment; immune-related adverse events; precision oncology; combination therapy

Citation

Chander et al. Bioinformation 21(7): 1880-1885 (2025)

Edited by

A Prashanth

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.