Title

Clinical evaluation of 3D printing and tissue engineering in craniofacial reconstruction: A prospective observational study

Authors

P. Subramanian¹, Timbadiya Vijaykumar Mansukhbhai^2,*, Parth Shailesh Bhatt³, Shivalika Bhatnagar⁴, Rashmi Laddha⁵ & Rishi Desai⁴

Affiliation

¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Dental College, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India; ²Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Rishiraj College of Dental Science and Research Centre Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; ³Department of Pathology, Dr. N.D. Desai Faculty of Medical Science & Research, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India; ⁴Department of Dentistry, DY Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; ⁵Department of Periodontology Dr RR Kambe Dental college and hospital Kanheri, Akola, Maharashtra, India; *Corresponding author

Email

P. Subramanian - E-mail: drsubbu@gmail.com
Timbadiya Vijaykumar Mansukhbhai - E-mail: vijay818nu@gmail.com
Parth Shailesh Bhatt - E-mail: parth.berba.23@gmail.com
Shivalika Bhatnagar - E-mail: shivalikabh1@gmail.com
Rashmi Laddha - E-mail: drrashmirdaga@gmail.com
Rishi Desai - E-mail: desairishi7@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2025; Revised August 31, 2025; Accepted August 31, 2025, Published August 31, 2025

Abstract

The clinical results of tissue engineering and 3D printing in craniofacial reconstruction in 60 patients followed up over 3 years. Patient-specific implants and tissue-engineered scaffolds were created with state-of-the-art 3D printing techniques together with autologous stem cells and growth factors. Excellent success rates were attained with 92% implant integration, 88% satisfaction with aesthetics, and 85% return to function, with complications being restricted to 10% and treated conservatively. The technique decreased operative time, hospital stay and total cost of treatment substantially when compared with traditional techniques. Thus, we show the clinical application of 3D printing and tissue engineering as an effective, safe, and economically viable method in craniofacial reconstructive surgery.

Keywords

Craniofacial reconstruction, 3D printing, tissue engineering, patient-specific implants, prosthetics, regenerative medicine, biocompatibility

Citation

Subramanian et al. Bioinformation 21(8): 2909-2913 (2025)

Edited by

A Prashanth

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.