Title

Differential effects of elevated cholesterol and fatty acids on endothelial function: Mechanisms contributing to atherosclerosis development

Authors

C Nanda Kumar¹,*, P. Sampath Kumar¹, Aysha Asath², Kalpeshkumar Amrutlal Parmar³, Shiv darshan Rao⁴ & Anil Kumar Medanki⁵

Affiliation

¹Department of General Medicine, VEL'S Medical College, Chennai, India; ²Department of Emergency Medicine, Chettinad Superspeciality Hospital/Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India; ³Department of General Surgery, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India; ⁴Department of OMFS, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College & Research Centre, Moradabad, Utter Pradesh, India; ⁵Department of Anatomy, SRMC & GH, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author

Email

C Nanda Kumar - E-mail: nanitatsat@gmail.com
P. Sampath Kumar - E-mail: drsampath80dmc@gmail.com
Aysha Asath - E-mail: aysha.asath12@gmail.com
Kalpeshkumar Amrutlal Parmar - E-mail: drkalpeshd35@gmail.com
Shiv darshan Rao - E-mail: drshivdarshanrao@gmail.com
Anil Kumar Medanki - E-mail: drakmedanki@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received September 1, 2025; Revised September 30, 2025; Accepted September 30, 2025, Published September 30, 2025

Abstract

The impairment of endothelial function occurs through LDL cholesterol and saturated/ trans fatty acids which cut down NO production while rising ROS levels and starting NF-κB signaling processes. The activity of glycolysis becomes blocked because palmitic acid triggers PKM2-C31 palmitoylation which leads to increased damage. Among the tested fats trans fats elaidic and linoelaidic created the most damaging oxidative reactions. The monounsaturated fat oleic acid promoted both elevated NO production and decreased inflammation in cells. Thus, we show that different lipids activate unique biological mechanisms toward the production of atherosclerosis.

Keywords

Endothelial dysfunction; LDL cholesterol; fatty acids; nitric oxide; oxidative stress; atherosclerosis

Citation

Kumar et al. Bioinformation 21(9): 3026-3030 (2025)

Edited by

A Prashanth

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.