Title
Vestibular exercise for adjunctive therapy in the management of non-motor functions among Parkinson's patients: A review
Authors
Edagottu Annaiah1,*, Deepika Chandrasekaran2, Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy3, P.K Jabir4 & D Sendil Kumaran5
Affiliation
1Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research (MAHER), Tamil Nadu, India; 2Department of Physiology, MMCHRI, MAHER, Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India; 3Department of Physiology, BGS Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; 4Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 5Department of Physiology, SMSIMSR, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka, India; *Corresponding author
Edagottu Annaiah - E-mail: eannaiah1010@gmail.com
Deepika Chandrasekaran - E-mail: Deepuchand15@gmail.com
Sai Sailesh Kumar Goothy - E-mail: Dr.goothy@gmail.com
P.K Jabir - E-mail: jabspk@gmail.com
D Sendil Kumaran - E-mail: kumarsendil@yahoo.com
Article Type
Review
Date
Received September 1, 2025; Revised September 30, 2025; Accepted September 30, 2025, Published September 30, 2025
Abstract
Non motor symptoms in Parkinson disease are present in about 88% of patients and they include different symptoms like insomnia, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive decline etc. The natures of neurodegenerative process and non-dopaminergic neuropathological changes are yet to be identified. Vestibular and visual deficit are non-studied symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises are known to improve the function and coordination of the vestibular system, thereby enhancing balance, reducing dizziness and improving spatial awareness. Additionally, vestibulospinal reflex exercises offer better static and dynamic firmness and functional symmetry in daily life situations. Thus, we show the evidence map for management of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease through vestibular stimulation.
Keywords
Insomnia, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive decline, neuro-degenerative disorders, non-pharmacological therapies
Citation
Annaiah et al. Bioinformation 21(9): 3197-3201 (2025)
Edited by
P Kangueane
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
