Title
Performance of chitosan nanoparticle-loaded irrigants on biofilm disruption
Authors
Madhura Kakade1,*, Sonia Sharma2, A Nagaraja3, Tanushri Pandey4, G Umesh5 & Vinay Rao6
Affiliation
1Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, CSMSS Dental College & Hospital, Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India; 2Department of Dentistry, Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha, Haryana, India; 3Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Seema Dental College & Hospital, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India; 4Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, People's College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; 5Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India; 6Department of Conservative Dentistry, Endodontics and Aesthetic Dentistry, AMC Dental College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India; *Corresponding author
Madhura Kakade - E-mail: solankemadhura75@gmail.com
Sonia Sharma - E-mail: mamcashutosh@gmail.com
A Nagaraja - E-mail: nagsdoc@gmail.com
Tanushri Pandey - E-mail: tanushreepandey444@gmail.com
G Umesh - E-mail: umesg14.ug@gmail.com
Vinay Rao - E-mail: drvinayrao82@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received October 1, 2025; Revised October 31, 2025; Accepted October 31, 2025, Published October 31, 2025
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections pose a major clinical problem due to their resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticle-loaded irrigants in disrupting established Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Using in vitro 96-well plate models, biofilm biomass reduction and bacterial viability were assessed with crystal violet assay, CFU counts and SEM imaging after exposure to 2% and 1% chitosan nanoparticles, 0.2% chlorhexidine and saline. Data showed that 2% chitosan nanoparticles produced the greatest biofilm disruption (89.7±3.2%) and bacterial reduction (4.8±0.3 log10 CFU/mL), significantly outperforming 1% chitosan and chlorhexidine. Thus, we show that chitosan nanoparticle irrigants, particularly at higher concentrations, may serve as effective alternatives for managing biofilm-associated infections.
Keywords
Chitosan nanoparticles, biofilm disruption, irrigants, antimicrobial, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Citation
Kakade et al. Bioinformation 21(10): 3823-3827 (2025)
Edited by
Hiroj Bagde
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
