Comparative evaluation of apical microleakage in bioceramic and epoxy resin-based sealers using dye penetration and SEM analysis: An in vitro study

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Title	Comparative evaluation of apical microleakage in bioceramic and epoxy resin-based sealers using dye penetration and SEM analysis: An in vitro study
Authors	Abdullah Abdullatif Mahdi¹, Anshad Zaheer², AP Nabeela Najeeb³, Krishnan Hari⁴, K Ranjith³ & ER Rajani^5,*
Affiliation	¹Department of Restorative and Dental Implants, Allcare Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE; ²Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Travancore Dental College, Kollam, India; ³Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MES Dental College, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala, India; ⁴Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India; ⁵Department of Public Health Dentistry, KIMS Dental College and Hospital, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author
Email	Abdullah Abdullatif Mahdi - E-mail: dr_aaa68@yahoo.com Anshad Zaheer - E-mail: anshadsaheer@gmail.com AP Nabeela Najeeb - E-mail: nabeelanajeebap@gmail.com Krishnan Hari - E-mail: krisnair81@gmail.com K Ranjith - E-mail: ranjukarat86@gmail.com ER Rajani - E-mail: rajanielayadath@gmail.com
Article Type	Research Article
Date	Received October 1, 2025; Revised October 31, 2025; Accepted October 31, 2025, Published October 31, 2025
Abstract	Root canal therapy success depends on achieving a hermetic apical seal to prevent microbial reinfection. Sealers play a crucial role in minimizing microleakage and ensuring long-term treatment success. In this study of forty extracted teeth, a bioceramic sealer demonstrated significantly less dye penetration (1.42 ą 0.23 mm) than an epoxy resin-based sealer (2.68 ą 0.31 mm, p < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed superior interfacial adaptation with fewer gaps in the bioceramic group, while epoxy resin-based sealers showed more voids and detachment. These findings indicate that bioceramic sealers provide improved sealing and adaptation to dentin, enhancing the apical seal quality in endodontic therapy.
Keywords	Apical microleakage, bioceramic sealer, epoxy resin-based sealer, dye penetration, SEM analysis, root canal sealers
Citation	Mahdi et al. Bioinformation 21(10): 3861-3865 (2025)
Edited by	Hiroj Bagde
ISSN	0973-2063
Publisher	Biomedical Informatics
License	This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.