Title

Severity of diabetic retinopathy severity with renal function and body fat in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A hospital-based cross-sectional study in India

Authors

Alwin Kurian Raju¹, Jojo Pullockara¹* & Thomas Cheriyan²

Affiliation

¹Department of Nephrology, Apollo Adlux Hospital, Karukkuty, Cochin, Kerala, India; ²Department of Ophthalmologist, Retina and Uvea Specialist, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Alwin Kurian Raju - E-mail: dralwinkurianraju@gmail.com; rajualwin17@gmail.com
Jojo Pullockara - E-mail: jojokp2005@yahoo.co.in
Thomas Cheriyan - E-mail: tcherian@rediffmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received October 1, 2025; Revised October 31, 2025; Accepted October 31, 2025, Published October 31, 2025

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity and renal impairment are important complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the relationship between them and body fat percentage (BFP) is not known. Hence, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 166 patients aged 30–70 years that measured DR severity, renal function and body fat percentage (BFP) using traditional clinical and anthropometric assessments. This data shows DR severity was related to measurable deterioration in renal parameters and raised body fat percentage (BFP). Thus, we show the understanding of the inter-relationships between microvascular and metabolic-related complications of diabetes. Increased screening earlier may help risk stratify and potentially facilitate comprehensive management of the patient in the clinical setting.

Keywords

Diabetic retinopathy, renal dysfunction, body fat percentage, type 2 diabetes mellitus, skinfold thickness, durnin-womersley method, microvascular complications, anthropometry, risk stratification, cross-sectional study

Citation

Raju et al. Bioinformation 21(10): 3990-3993 (2025)

Edited by

A Prashanth

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.