Title

Impact of lifestyle factors on recurrence rates in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A case-control study

Authors

Navaneeth Ranjith¹, Pathan Ameer Khan², Shanmukha Koppolu³, Saggurthi Pavani⁴, Satya Sudhakara Bhat⁵ & Godaba Govardhana Saikumar^6,*

Affiliation

¹Department of Urology, Caritas hospital, Thellakom, Kottayam, Kerala, India; ²Department of Medicine, Sri Balaji Hospital, Telangana, India; ³Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Barts NHS Trust, London, England, UK; ⁴Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India; ⁵Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK; ⁶Department of General Medicine, District Medical and Health Office, Vizianagaram, Andhra Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Navaneeth Ranjith - E-mail: navu93@gmail.com; Phone: +91 7736415446
Pathan Ameer Khan - E-mail: dr.pathanameerkhan@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9502815710
Shanmukha Koppolu - E-mail: kshanmukha3@gmail.com; Phone: +44 7448304208
Saggurthi Pavani - E-mail: dr.pavanis.ipc@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9701748305
Satya Sudhakara Bhat - E-mail: satyabhat97@gmail.com; Phone: +44 7438350972
Godaba Govardhana Saikumar - E-mail: sai.godaba@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9346720728

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received October 1, 2025; Revised November 15, 2025; Accepted November 15, 2025, Published November 15, 2025

Abstract

Recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) remains a major clinical challenge despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Hence, this case-control study evaluated the influence of lifestyle factors on NMIBC recurrence among 120 patients. Dietary habits, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were analyzed using structured questionnaires. Patients with recurrence showed higher rates of smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and processed meat intake. Multivariate analysis identified these factors as independent predictors, suggesting that targeted lifestyle modification may help reduce recurrence risk.

Keywords

Bladder cancer, recurrence, lifestyle factors, smoking, physical activity, diet, case-control study

Citation

Ranjith et al. Bioinformation 21(11): 4025-4027 (2025)

Edited by

A Prashanth

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.