Title

Assessing sagittal discrepancies using beta angle, ANB angle and WITS appraisal: A cephalometric study

Authors

Nakul Nandakishor Mude¹, Amit Kumar², Gazala Irfan³, Deepti Virupakshappa^4,*, Rajashekhara Bharisharanesha⁵, Satwik Chatterjee⁶ & Ritik Kashwani⁷

Affiliation

¹Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India; ²Department of Orthodontics, Muskan Dental Care, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India; ³Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India; ⁴Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia; ⁵Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Abdul Aziz University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; ⁶Department of Forensic Science, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; ⁷Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Nakul Nandakishor Mude - E-mail: nakul12888@gmail.com
Amit Kumar - E-mail: dr_amitkumar1@yahoo.com
Gazala Irfan - E-mail: irfangazala95@gmail.com
Deepti Virupakshappa - E-mail: d.virupakshappa@psau.edu.sa
Rajashekhara Bharisharanesha - E-mail: r.bhari@psau.edu.sa
Satwik Chatterjee - E-mail: drsatwikc356@gmail.com
Ritik Kashwani - E-mail: docritikkashwani@yahoo.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received October 1, 2025; Revised November 15, 2025; Accepted November 15, 2025, Published November 15, 2025

Abstract

There is a need to evaluate the reliability and applicability of various cephalometric tools used for assessing sagittal discrepancies in patients with Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns. Therefore, it is of interest to assess sagittal discrepancies in patients with Class I, II, and III skeletal patterns by comparing three common diagnostic tools: the beta angle, ANB angle, and Wits appraisal. Hence, a total of 120 subjects, divided into three groups based on their skeletal pattern, were evaluated using lateral cephalograms. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in beta angle measurements between the groups. The beta angle was found to provide a more consistent assessment of sagittal jaw relationships than the ANB angle and Wits appraisal, especially in cases with jaw rotations or occlusal plane changes. Thus, we show the beta angle as a valuable tool for orthodontic diagnosis, offering greater reliability in assessing skeletal relationships. Further research with larger samples and different populations is recommended to validate these findings.

Keywords

ANB angle, beta angle, cephalometry, skeletal discrepancies, Wits appraisal

Citation

Mude et al. Bioinformation 21(11): 4173-4178 (2025)

Edited by

P Kangueane

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.