Title

Effect of two in-office bleaching agents-35% hydrogen peroxide and 37% carbamide peroxide-on enamel microhardness: An in vitro study

Authors

C.H. Thouseef^1,*, Dilip Katakam², Vijay Shekhar³, Manpreet Kaur⁴, Mohan Kumar Reddy Sirigiri⁵, Shamurailatpam Priyadarshini⁶ & Sneha Das⁷

Affiliation

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Educare Institute of Dental Sciences, Chattiparambu, Malappuram, Kerala, India; ²Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India; ³Department of Dentistry, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Agamkuan, Patna, Bihar, India; ⁴Christian Dental College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; ⁵Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, CKS Teja Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India; ⁶Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental College, RIMS, Imphal, Manipur, India; ⁷Department of Public Health Dentistry, Late Shri Yashwantrao Chavan Memorial Medical and Rural Development Foundation's Dental College and Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India; *Corresponding author

Email

C.H. Thouseef - E-mail: dr.thouseef5870@gmail.com
Dilip Katakam - E-mail: dilipkatakam@gmail.com
Vijay Shekhar - E-mail: vjsspitzer@yahoo.in
Manpreet Kaur - E-mail: drmanpreet.bds32@gmail.com
Mohan Kumar Reddy Sirigiri - E-mail: mohankumarreddy.k@gmail.com
Shamurailatpam Priyadarshini - E-mail: dr26priya@gmail.com
Sneha Das - E-mail: dassneha818@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received November 15, 2025; Revised December 15, 2025; Accepted December 15, 2025, Published December 15, 2025

Abstract

Tooth discoloration frequently drives patients to seek in-office bleaching procedures, which commonly use high-concentration peroxide agents. This in vitro study evaluated the effect of two chairside bleaching formulations-35% hydrogen peroxide and 37% carbamide peroxide-on enamel microhardness. Hence, thirty premolars were assigned to control, hydrogen peroxide, or carbamide peroxide groups, and microhardness was measured before and after bleaching. Both bleaching agents caused significant reductions in enamel microhardness compared with the control group, although no significant difference was observed between the two peroxide systems. These findings indicate that in-office bleaching agents can adversely affect enamel hardness, highlighting the importance of post-bleaching remineralization strategies for clinical safety.

Keywords

Tooth bleaching, enamel microhardness, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, in vitro techniques

Citation

Thouseef et al. Bioinformation 21(12): 4368-4371 (2025)

Edited by

Rashmi Daga

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.