Frictional resistance of ceramic, self-ligating and metal brackets with various archwires

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Title	Frictional resistance of ceramic, self-ligating and metal brackets with various archwires
Authors	Subham Pattanaik¹*, Ashish Kumar², Abhita Malhotra³, Roma seshagiri⁴, Mohammad Sohail Shaik⁴ & Siddarth Bhogi⁵
Affiliation	¹Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial orthopedics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; ²Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, NIMS Dental College, NIMS University Rajasthan Jaipur-303121 (Rajasthan), India; ³Department of Orthodontics, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Haryana, India; ⁴Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics, Care dental college, Guntur andhra Pradesh, 522005, India; ⁵Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Balaji Dental College & Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana- 500075, India; *Corresponding author
Email	Subham Pattanaik - E-mail: subhampattanaik1999@gmail.com Ashish Kumar - E-mail: drashish055@gmail.com Abhita Malhotra - E-mail: abhita2387@hotmail.com Roma seshagiri - E-mail: romasesh1996@gmail.com Mohammad Sohail Shaik - E-mail: sohailsm.2009@gmail.com Siddarth Bhogi - E-mail: sbogi0@gmail.com
Article Type	Research Article
Date	Received November 15, 2025; Revised December 15, 2025; Accepted December 15, 2025, Published December 15, 2025
Abstract	The bracket-archwire interface friction is one of the factors that influence the efficiency of orthodontic tooth movement and the total time of treatment. Therefore, it is of interest to compare ceramic, passive self-ligating and conventional metal bracketries in relation to their frictional characteristics for determing the types of archwires and their sizes with the bracketries. Frictional forces Frictional forces were measured under standardized conditions using 240 combinations of bracket-archwire through a universal testing machine. Brackets with the least friction were the self-ligating ones and the brackets with the highest friction were the ceramic ones, particularly with rectangular NiTi and beta-titanium wires. The self-ligating systems come with the benefit of high low-friction performance that improves treatment performance on the traditional and ceramic brackets.
Keywords	Frictional resistance, ceramic brackets, self-ligating brackets, archwire materials, orthodontic biomechanics, static friction, kinetic friction
Citation	Pattanaik et al. Bioinformation 21(12): 4521-4526 (2025)
Edited by	Hiroj Bagde
ISSN	0973-2063
Publisher	Biomedical Informatics
License	This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.