In vitro comparative evaluation of stress distribution around zygomatic versus conventional implants in atrophic maxilla

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Title	In vitro comparative evaluation of stress distribution around zygomatic versus conventional implants in atrophic maxilla
Authors	Vishwannath Hiremath¹, Darshan Modi*^,2, Kuldip R Panchal³, Snigdha Somi⁴, Syed Sajid Basha⁵ & Esther Lhingneihoi Mate⁶
Affiliation	¹Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, A Unit of Hiremath Hospitals Pvt Ltd) Vijayanagar Bangalore 560040, India; ²Department of Periodontics, Karnavati school of dentistry, Uvarsad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382422, India; ³Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Loyara, Rajasthan, India;⁴Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Surgery VMMC & Safdurjung New Delhi, India; ⁵Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Maharana pratap college of dentistry and research centre, Gwalior, India; ⁶Kalinga Institute Of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; *Corresponding author
Email	Vishwannath Hiremath - E-mail: drhiremathhospitals@gmail.com Darshan Modi - E-mail: darshan.modi1983@gmail.com Kuldip R Panchal - E-mail: jaybhole1998@gmail.com Snigdha Somi - E-mail: snigdhasomi230@gmail.com Syed Sajid Basha - E-mail: sajidaahil@gmail.com Esther Lhingneihoi Mate - E-mail: estherlhingneihoimate@gmail.com
Article Type	Research Article
Date	Received November 15, 2025; Revised December 15, 2025; Accepted December 15, 2025, Published December 15, 2025
Abstract	Severe maxillary atrophy restricts the conventional position of the implants because of insufficient bone height; the alternative anchorage systems like the zygomatic implants should be used. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the distribution of stress under zygomatic and conventional implant designs during simulated occlusive loading. Six maxillary models were tested in the von Mises stress, principal stress and microstrain when the forces are vertical and oblique. Quad-zygomatic arrangements were the least stressed and the most evenly distributed, being far within the range of physiological values. Zygomatic implants, particularly the quad-zygomatic configurations, have better biomechanics in atrophic maxillae than standard methods of implants.
Keywords	Zygomatic implants, finite element analysis, biomechanics, stress distribution, atrophic maxilla, dental implants, bone-implant interface
Citation	Hiremath et al. Bioinformation 21(12): 4527-4533 (2025)
Edited by	Hiroj Bagde
ISSN	0973-2063
Publisher	Biomedical Informatics
License	This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.