Title
Impact of gut microbiota on human immune system development: A longitudinal study
Authors
Dipalben Shreyaskumar Patel1*, Mukul Singh2, Vivekanand Ashok3, Amrit Podder4, Jorge Antonio Segovia Guerrero5, Renato Matías Torres Montano6, Abhishek Kumar Semwal7, Luis Patricio Dávila Aguilar8 & Karina Vanessa Herrera Riofrío9
Affiliation
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akshaydeep Hospital, Gujarat, India; 2Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India; 3Department of ENT - Head and Neck Surgery, Azeezia Health City, Palakkad, Kerala, India; 4Department of Physiology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College & Research Centre, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; 5Department of Emergency, Armed Forces Specialty Hospital No. 1, Quito, Ecuador; 6Teaching Analyst, Armed Forces Specialty Hospital No. 1, Quito, Ecuador; 7Kayachikitsa, Ankerite Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow, India; 8Luis Patricio Dávila Aguilar, Internal Medicine Physician - Hematology, Armed Forces Specialties Hospital No. 1, Quito, Ecuador; 9Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Specialty, Leader of the Nutrition and Dietetics Specialty at HE-1, Armed Forces Specialty Hospital No. 1, Quito, Ecuador; *Corresponding author
Dipalben Shreyaskumar Patel - E-mail: dipalpatel10494@gmail.com
Mukul Singh - E-mail: singhmukul3911@gmail.com
Vivekanand Ashok - E-mail: avivekanand9@gmail.com
Amrit Podder - E-mail: amritpodder0@gmail.com
Jorge Antonio Segovia Guerrero - E-mail: segoviajr54@gmail.com
Renato Matías Torres Montano - E-mail: renatomatiastorres91@outlook.com
Abhishek Kumar Semwal - E-mail: vdabhisheksemwal@gmail.com
Luis Patricio Dávila Aguilar - E-mail: patovenmd@hotmail.com
Karina Vanessa Herrera Riofrío - E-mail: kary_vann@yahoo.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received November 15, 2025; Revised December 15, 2025; Accepted December 15, 2025, Published December 15, 2025
Abstract
The development of the immune system in early childhood is influenced by various factors, and the role of gut microbiota in this process remains a critical area of investigation. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the impact of gut microbiota on immune system development in 110 children over three years. It found significant correlations between microbiota diversity and immune markers, with higher diversity linked to improved immune regulation. The study also highlighted the negative effects of early antibiotic use and the positive influence of a fiber-rich diet on gut microbiota composition and immune function. Thus, we show the critical role of early-life microbial exposures in shaping immune health.
Keywords
Antibiotic use, diversity, guts microbiota, immune markers, longitudinal study
Citation
Patel et al. Bioinformation 21(12): 5015-5019 (2025)
Edited by
Ritik Kashwani
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
