Title

Minimally required essential bio markers for lymphoma

Authors

Shikha Ghanghoria¹, Arvind Ghanghoria², Gulladurthi Prudhvi Sai Chownika¹, Aashita Thakur¹, Tarun Prakash Verma^3,* & Sachin Parmar⁴

Affiliation

¹Department of Pathology MGMMC MYH, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; ²Department of General Surgery MGMMC MYH, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; ³Multidisciplinary Research Unit, MGM Medical College Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁴Department of Community Medicine, V.K.S. Government Medical College, Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Shikha Ghanghoria - E-mail: amandiagnostic@gmail.com

Arvind Ghanghoria - E-mail: profdrarvindghanghoria@gmail.com
Gulladurthi Prudhvi SaiChownika - E-mail: prudhvigulladurthi@gmail.com
Aashita Thakur - E-mail: aashita.thakur03@gmail.com
Tarun Prakash Verma - E-mail: tarunverma.tpv@gmail.com
Sachin Parmar - E-mail: dr.sachinparmar@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received January 1, 2026; Revised January 31, 2026; Accepted January 31, 2026, Published January 31, 2026

Abstract

Lymphoma is a diverse group of blood cancers arising from lymphoid tissue, characterized by distinct morphological, immunophenotypic, genetic and clinical variations. Therefore, it is of interest to identify which immunohistochemical (IHC) markers were minimum essentials markers to enable classification and prognostication in lymphoid malignancies. The retrospective study used a primary panel of monoclonal antibodies consisting of CD3 and CD5, CD20, CD10, CD45, PAX-5 and Ki-67 on 88 lymphoma cases. It was found that B-cell lymphomas were highly labeled with CD20, CD45, PAX-5, whereas T-cell lymphomas were heavily labeled with CD3, CD5. There were high levels of Ki-67 proliferation indices in the aggressive lymphoma sub-types e.g. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma and T-cell lymphomas. The study helps to recommend a restricted yet cost-effective panel of IHC markers to attain reliable diagnosis and prognosis of lymphoma particularly in lower resource settings.

Keywords

Lymphoma, immunohistochemistry, Ki-67, B-cell markers, t-cell markers

Citation

Verma et al. Bioinformation 22(1): 333-337 (2026)

Edited by

P Kangueane

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.