Title

Comparative histological assessment of p53, Ki-67 and EGFR in oral squamous cell carcinoma grading and prognostication

Authors

Lubna Nazneen¹, Prateek Mishra², Anushree Rathore³,*, Mahesh Rajashekhara⁴, Dakshayani Vijay Patil⁵, Tarang K Mehta⁶ & Miral Mehta⁷

Affiliation

¹Department of Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology, S.B. Patil Institute For Dental Sciences And Research, Bidar, Karnataka, India; ²Department of Prosthodontics, Medical officer (Dental), District Hospital, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India; ³Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Bhabha College of Dental Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁴Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, King George medical university, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; ⁵Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India; ⁶Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, K. M. Shah dental college and hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India;⁷Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Lubna Nazneen - E-mail: opsbpdc@gmail.com
Prateek Mishra - E-mail: prateekbds@gmail.com
Anushree Rathore - E-mail: anushreerahulsingh@gmail.com
Mahesh Rajashekhara - E-mail: maheshraj_9326@yahoo.co.in
Dakshayani Vijay Patil - E-mail: drdakshayanipatil@gmail.com
Tarang K Mehta - E-mail: tarangmehta111@gmail.com
Miral Mehta - E-mail: miralmehta@karnavatiuniversity.edu.in

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received January 1, 2026; Revised January 31, 2026; Accepted January 31, 2026, Published January 31, 2026

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) outcomes require molecular markers beyond histological grading for reliable prognostication. Therefore, it is of interest to assess p53, Ki-67 and EGFR expression via immunohistochemistry in 96 confirmed OSCC cases, correlating with grade, lymph node metastasis and stage. All markers showed significantly elevated expression with advancing tumor grade (p53 in 78.1%, Ki-67 >50% in poorly differentiated tumors, EGFR in 71.9% of cases). Combined positivity offered superior correlation with lymph node metastasis (p<0.001) and advanced clinical stage versus individual markers. Integrated p53/Ki-67/EGFR assessment advances OSCC prognostication, warranting routine pathological use for enhanced clinical decision-making.

Keywords

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), p53, Ki-67, EGFR, immunohistochemistry, tumor grading

Citation

Nazneen et al. Bioinformation 22(1): 470-476 (2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.