Title
The cardio-pulmonary renal triad of dyspnea, functional impairment and organ dysfunction - A co-relational study
Authors
Anusha Garapati1, Noor Javed2, Maria L Calcagno Rodriguez3, Mahavadi Sriharsha4, K.C Gyanendra5, Kiranjot Kaur6, Farisa Masood7, Rashmitha Muppalla8, Osvani Leyva Matos9 & Mohammed Abdul Mateen10,*
Affiliation
1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Nepal; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Universidad Central del Este (UCE), San pedro, Dominican Republic; 4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo hospitals, Hyderabad, India; 5Department of Radiology, KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Nepal; 6Department of Clinical Research, Arizona state university, Tempe, Arizona, USA; 7Department of Anaesthesia, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; 8Department of Internal Medicine, Katuri Medical College & Hospital, Katurinagar, Andhra Pradesh, India; 9Department of Medicine American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine. Philipsburg, Sint Maarten; 10Department of Internal Medicine, Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; *Corresponding author
Anusha Garapat - E-mail: Garapati.marina@gmail.com
Noor Javed - E-mail: drnoorjaved93@gmail.com
Maria L Calcagno Rodriguez - E-mail: Mariacalcagnorodriguez@gmail.com
Mahavadi Sriharsha - E-mail: Sriharshamahavadi@yahoo.co.in
K.C. Gyanendra - E-mail: dr.gkc@outlook.com
Kiranjot Kaur - E-mail: Kiran.14noor@gmail.com
Farisa Masood - E-mail: drfarisamasood@gmail.com
Rashmitha Muppalla - E-mail: drrashmithamuppalla@gmail.com
Osvani Leyva Matos - E-mail: OsvaniLeyvaMatos@students.aucmed.edu
Mohammed Abdul Mateen - E-mail: mateenmohdabdul96@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received February 1, 2026; Revised February 28, 2026; Accepted February 28, 2026, Published February 28, 2026
Abstract
Hypertension-related renal and pulmonary impairments are often under-recognized and this study addresses the need to evaluate their combined association in Indian adults. In this cross-sectional observational study, 300 hypertensive and 300 non-hypertensive participants (30–80 years) were assessed for hematologic, renal indices and spirometry parameters. Hypertensive individuals showed significantly impaired renal function (lower eGFR, higher UACR, higher creatinine and increased CKD prevalence) and reduced pulmonary function (lower FEV₁, FVC and higher restrictive pattern prevalence). Multivariable regression confirmed hypertension as an independent predictor of renal dysfunction, albuminuria, CKD, reduced spirometry values and restrictive ventilatory pattern (all p < 0.05). This study advances knowledge by strengthening evidence for integrated cardio–reno–pulmonary screening in hypertensive patients, enabling earlier detection and targeted intervention.
Keywords
Albuminuria, chronic kidney disease (CKD), essential hypertension, restrictive lung disease, spirometry
Citation
Garapati et al. Bioinformation 22(2): 1149-1155 (2026)
Edited by
Ritik Kashwani
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
