Title

Peri-implant soft tissue response to different abutment materials: A randomised controlled clinical trial

Authors

Sarvesh Ingole^1,*, Sukhada Pawar², Sowjanya Gunukula³, Akshay J Melath⁴, Zameer Pasha⁵, Nishant Visvas Dumont⁶ & Krutika Bidkar⁷

Affiliation

¹Department of Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India; ²Department of Dentistry, Founder and Lead Dentist, Swami Dental Care, Pune, Maharashtra, India; ³Department of Dentistry, Independent researcher, Flomo Dental, 295 Ukiah St, Lewisville TX 75056, USA; ⁴Department of Periodontology, Guru Gobind Singh college of Dental Science and Research Centre, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁵Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Consultant in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Durrat Al-Alammi Dental Clinic, Al-Majmaah,Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; ⁶Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India; ⁷Department of Periodontology, Aditya dental college, Beed, Maharashtra, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Sarvesh Ingole - E-mail: sarveshingole232@gmail.com
Sukhada Pawar - E-mail: sukhadapawar0101@gmail.com
Sowjanya Gunukula - E-mail: drgunukula.dds@gmail.com
Akshay J Melath - E-mail: drakshaymelath@gmail.com
Zameer Pasha - E-mail: Drzameer71@gmail.com
Nishant Visvas Dumont - E-mail: nishantdumont79@gmail.com
Krutika Bidkar - E-mail: Krutikabidkar@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received February 1, 2026; Revised February 28, 2026; Accepted February 28, 2026, Published February 28, 2026

Abstract

Peri-implant soft tissue response varies with different transmucosal abutment materials, but their comparative effects on clinical, histologic and microbiologic markers are not well understood. This randomized, controlled, split-mouth clinical trial compared titanium (Ti), zirconia (Zr) and titanium with a TiO₂ bioactive coating (Ti+TiO₂) in 50 systemically healthy participants. Over 12 months, zirconia and Ti+TiO₂ showed lower bleeding on probing (BoP) and reduced inflammatory markers compared to titanium, with Ti+TiO₂ demonstrating denser connective tissue attachment. Zirconia was preferred for esthetics. This study advances knowledge by highlighting the comparative advantages of Ti+TiO₂ and zirconia in peri-implant tissue response.

Keywords

Bleeding on probing (BoP), Peri-implant soft tissue, transmucosal abutment materials, titanium, zirconia

Citation

Ingole et al. Bioinformation 22(2): 1170-1174 (2026)

Edited by

Ritik Kashwani

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.