Title

Immunohistochemical profiling of prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Authors

Amit Wasti¹, Shweta Chouhan², Vinod Sargaiyan³, Rahul Raviraj Shetty^4,*, Lovna Titus⁵, Vidhi Singhania⁶ & Miral Mehta⁷

Affiliation

¹Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Government Dental College, Rajbandha Maidan, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India; ²Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, R.K.D.F. Dental College and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; ³Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & Research Centre, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁴Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and hospital, Navi Mumbai, India; ⁵Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sri Sankara Dental College, Akathmuri, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; ⁶Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁷Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Amit Wasti - E-mail: amitwasti9995@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9826212475
Shweta Chouhan - E-mail: shwerit@gmail.com; Phone: +919031929705
Vinod Sargaiyan - E-mail: dr.vinodsargaiyan@yahoo.co.in; Phone: +91 9926231326
Rahul Raviraj Shetty - E-mail: drrahulrshetty@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9004275841
Lovna Titus - E-mail: lotiag23@gmail.com; Phone: +91 8129097315
Vidhi Singhania - E-mail: vidhis5770@gmail.com; Phone: +918269767880
Miral Mehta - E-mail: miralmehta@karnavatiuniversity.edu.in; Phone: +91 9427704737

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received March 1, 2026; Revised March 31, 2026; Accepted March 31, 2026, Published March 31, 2026

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) exhibits heterogeneous behavior, limiting the prognostic value of conventional histopathological grading alone. This study assessed Ki-67, p53, EGFR, E-cadherin and cyclin D1 expression in 120 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded OSCC specimens. High expression prevailed: Ki-67 (65.8%), mutant p53 (58.3%), EGFR (52.5%), reduced E-cadherin (60.0%), cyclin D1 (54.2%). Significant correlations emerged - Ki-67 with higher grade (p=0.001), nodal metastasis (p=0.008), advanced stage (p=0.012); E-cadherin loss with nodal spread (p=0.002). These markers serve as adjunctive prognostic biomarkers, improving OSCC risk stratification beyond routine histopathology.

Keywords

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), immunohistochemistry, Ki-67, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), E-cadherin, cyclin D1, prognostic markers

Citation

Wasti et al. Bioinformation 22(3): 1394-1400 (2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.