Title

Dentinal tubule penetration of a bioceramic sealer after different final irrigants: SEM and CLSM study

Authors

Rahul Vaswani^1,*, Pallav Patni¹, Swadhin Raghuwanshi¹, Sanket Pandey¹, Shubham Tripathi² & Dharika Patel³

Affiliation

¹Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Aurobindo College of Dentistry, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; ²Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India; ³Department of Oral Health, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa USA; *Corresponding author

Email

Rahul Vaswani - E-mail: vaswanirahul77@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9329994420
Pallav Patni - E-mail: pallav.patni@saimsonline.com
Swadhin Raghuwanshi - E-mail: swadhin777.ss@gmail.com
Sanket Pandey - E-mail: drsanketpandey@gmail.com
Shubham Tripathi - E-mail: shubhamtripathi085@gmail.com
Dharika Patel - E-mail: dharikapatel1999@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received March 1, 2026; Revised March 31, 2026; Accepted March 31, 2026, Published March 31, 2026

Abstract

The extent of bioceramic sealer penetration into dentinal tubules following root canal obturation remains insufficiently validated using combined analyses on the same sample with scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and ion nanocomplex evaluation. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the extent of penetration of a bioceramic sealer into dentinal tubules after the use of various final irrigants and evaluated ion nanocomplex formation. Mandibular incisor teeth were instrumented, divided into four groups based on the final irrigation protocol and obturated with gutta-percha and a bioceramic sealer tagged with a fluorescent dye (Fluo-3), followed by evaluation using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Although statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences among the groups, Twin Kleen demonstrated superior performance in multiple comparisons. The HEBP component of Twin Kleen, due to its compatibility with sodium hypochlorite and its ability to reduce debris accumulation and smear layer formation, may contribute to enhanced sealer penetration.

Keywords

Confocal laser scanning microscope; dentinal tubules; energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy; scanning electron microscope (SEM); smear layer

Citation

Vaswani et al. Bioinformation 22(3): 1773-1778 (2026)

Edited by

P Kangueane

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.