Title

Knowledge, attitude and practice of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Association with HbA1

Authors

Simhadri Lakshmi Roja¹, Priyanka Belur²_, Anirudha Deoke³ & Bezalel Kallukattil Binoy^4,*

Affiliation

¹Department of Medicine, Ysbyty Ystrad Fawr, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Wales, United Kingdom; ²Department of Emergency Medicine, JSS Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India; ³Department of Community Medicine, NKP Salve Institute of Medical sciences & RC and LMH, Nagpur, India; ⁴Department of Acute Medicine, Harrogate NHS Foundation Trust, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom; *Corresponding author

Email

Simhadri Lakshmi Roja - E-mail: Lakshmirojasimhadri@gmail.com; Phone: +44 7897764712

Priyanka Belur - E-mail: belurpriyanka@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9845581853

Anirudha Deoke - E-mail: aniruddhadeoke@nkpsims.edu.in

Bezalel Kallukattil Binoy - E-mail: bezalelbinoy1@gmail.com; Phone: +91 7860137500

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received April 1, 2026; Revised April 30, 2026; Accepted April 30, 2026, Published April 30, 2026

Abstract

Poor knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding insulin therapy remain a major barrier to optimal glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross-sectional questionnaire study assessed 120 adults with T2DM to evaluate their understanding, beliefs and practices related to insulin use and its association with HbA1c. The mean HbA1c was 8.1% ± 1.4%, with a significant inverse correlation between total KAP scores and HbA1c levels (r = –0.42, p < 0.05). Although patients demonstrated moderate overall knowledge, gaps were identified in insulin administration techniques and related practices. Hence, the need for patient centered education to address barriers and improve adherence, for optimizing long-term glycemic outcomes is reported.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP), HbA1c, high-performance liquid chromatography

Citation

Roja et al. Bioinformation 22(4): 1982-1985 (2026)

Edited by

A Prashanth

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.