Title
Space closure rate and anchorage control during maxillary anterior en-masse retraction using bidimensional versus conventional sliding mechanics
Authors
K. Muhammadali*, Arvind Nair, Virendra Vadher, Shalabh Baxi, Shweta Singh & Chhaya Barapatre
Affiliation
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India; *Corresponding author
K. Muhammadali - E-mail: drmalikmds@gmail.com; Phone: +91 7012243711
Arvind Nair - E-mail: arvindnair007@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9039783119
Virendra Vadher - E-mail: drvv@rediffmail.com; Phone: +91 7987468046 S
halabh Baxi - E-mail: drsbaxi@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9827097542
Shweta Singh - E-mail: dr.shweta98279@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9827950706
Chhaya Barapatre - E-mail: chhaya.barapatre@gmail.com; Phone: +91 7738055661
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received April 1, 2026; Revised April 30, 2026; Accepted April 30, 2026, Published April 30, 2026
Abstract
Efficient orthodontic space closure depends on optimal control of friction, anchorage and anterior torque. Therefore, it is of interest to compare four maxillary anterior retraction techniques-conventional sliding mechanics, bidimensional wire technique, bidimensional slot technique and a double-slot bracket system-by evaluating the rate and amount of space closure, anchorage loss, molar rotation and torque control. Forty patients were equally divided into four groups and treatment effects were assessed using standardized model analysis and cephalometric measurements. Bidimensional and double-slot techniques demonstrated significantly faster rates of space closure and superior torque control compared with conventional sliding mechanics. At the same time, anchorage loss and molar rotation were comparable among all groups. Thus, we show the biomechanical efficiency of bidimensional retraction techniques with conventional mechanics during maxillary anterior space closure.
Keywords
Orthodontic space closure; maxillary anterior retraction; bidimensional orthodontic technique; sliding mechanics; torque expression
Citation
Muhammadali et al. Bioinformation 22(4): 2069-2073 (2026)
Edited by
Vini Mehta
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
