Title
Predicting head injury prognosis using clinical scores (GCS and GCS-P score)
Authors
Atul Kumar1, Shivani Sinha2,*, Bhavesh Khandelwal1 & Neelam R Charles1
Affiliation
1Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India; 2Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Ratlam, Madhya Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author
Atul Kumar - E-mail: dratul1705@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9458767180
Shivani Sinha - E-mail: drshivani1705@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9547085560
Bhavesh Khandelwal - E-mail: neelamcharles@rediffmail.com; Phone: +91 9131209401
Neelam R Charles - E-mail: charlesbhaveshkhandelwal1120@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9827047489
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received April 1, 2026; Revised April 30,
2026; Accepted April 30, 2026, Published April 30, 2026
Abstract
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and the Glasgow Coma Scale–Pupils (GCS-P) are critical tools for predicting prognosis in patients with head injury. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the comparative efficacy of both scales in determining mortality and functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. By integrating the Pupil Reactivity Score (PRS), the GCS-P addresses the "floor effect" of the traditional GCS and provides a more granular assessment of brainstem compromise. Our analysis demonstrates that the GCS-P offers superior predictive accuracy and a more linear correlation with patient outcomes than the GCS alone. Thus, we show that adopting the GCS-P enhances early clinical triage and provides a more robust framework for neurological prognostic modeling.
Keywords
Glasgow coma scale (GCS), head injuries, prognosis
Citation
Kumar et al. Bioinformation 22(4): 2118-2121 (2026)
Edited by
Rashmi Laddha
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
