Title
Assessment of tannic acid and glutathione in 38% silver diamine fluoride for dentine stain reduction with antibacterial efficacy: An in vitro study
Authors
P. Nihar1,*, Mohd Sajad2, A.T Manish3, Asmita Sonawane4, Nazia Khan5, Monica Gogia6 & Anukriti Kumari7
Affiliation
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Ckstheja Dental College, Tirupati, DR. N.T.R University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India; 2Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Mirdard Marg, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, LNJP Colony, New Delhi, Delhi, India; 3Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Triveni Dental College, Bodri, Bilaspur, India; 4Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Yogita Dental college and hospital, Khed, Maharashtra, India; 5Clinical Microbiology, Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; 7Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India *Corresponding author
P. Nihar - E-mail: niharsonu555@gmail.com
Mohd Sajad - E-mail: drmohdsajad1986@gmail.com
A.T Manish - E-mail: manishgod207@gmail.com
Asmita Sonawane - E-mail: asmitasonawne@gmail.com
Nazia Khan - E-mail: n.sabir@mu.edu.sa
Monica Gogia - E-mail: monica25gogia@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received April 1, 2026; Revised April 30, 2026; Accepted April 30, 2026, Published April 30, 2026
Abstract
Silver diamine fluoride (38% SDF) is an effective agent for caries arrest, but its clinical use is limited by undesirable dentine staining. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the effect of tannic acid and glutathione as additives in SDF on stain reduction and antibacterial efficacy using standardized in vitro methods. Sixty dentine specimens were treated and assessed for color change (ΔE) and antimicrobial activity (CFU counts), showing that tannic acid significantly reduced staining while maintaining antibacterial efficacy comparable to SDF alone. Glutathione demonstrated moderate stain reduction but a relative decrease in antimicrobial performance. Thus, we show tannic acid as an effective SDF additive that reduces staining while preserving antimicrobial efficacy.
Keywords
Antibacterial efficacy, glutathione, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), tannic acid, tooth discoloration
Citation
Nihar et al. Bioinformation 22(4): 2602-2606 (2026)
Edited by
Ritik Kashwani
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
