Title

Diagnostic accuracy of UACR in CKD screening among diabetics: A community study

Authors

Utsav Haldar¹, Niranjan Gopal^1,*, Anand Chellappan², Dnyanesh Amle¹, Nandeesh Kuravatti³, Neha Patel¹, Jyoti E. John¹ & Deepa Telgote¹

Affiliation

¹Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; ²Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; ³Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Utsav Haldar - E-mail: utsavh07@gmail.com
Niranjan Gopal - E-mail: niranjang@aiimsnagpur.edu.in

Anand Chellappan - E-mail: anandchellappan@aiimsnagpur.edu.in
Dnyanesh Amle - E-mail: dnyanesh@aiimsnagpur.edu.in
Nandeesh Kuravatti - E-mail: nkuravatti@gmail.com
Neha Patel - E-mail: nehapatel80042@gmail.com
Jyoti E. John - E-mail: jyotijohn@aiimsnagpur.edu.in
Deepa Telgote - E-mail: deepatelgote@aiimsnagpur.edu.in

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received May 1, 2026; Revised May 31, 2026; Accepted May 31, 2026, Published May 31, 2026

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes in rural India, where access to diagnostic facilities is limited. 24-hour urine protein estimation, through the reference method is impractical for community screening. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) for CKD screening among 201 known diabetic individuals from rural Nagpur. Elevated UACR was observed in 99% of participants, whereas 59% had abnormal 24-hour urine protein excretion. UACR demonstrated 100% sensitivity but low specificity (4%), with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 60% and a negative predictive value of 100%. UACR correlated significantly with glycaemic indices, eGFR and proteinuria and its screening utility improves when combined with serum creatinine and eGFR in resource-limited community settings.

Keywords

Diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diagnostic accuracy, rural population

Citation

Haldar et al. Bioinformation 22(5): 2863-2868 (2026)

Edited by

P Kangueane

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.