Title

Root and bone changes in teeth undergoing pre-prosthetic orthodontics before endodontic retreatment prior to implant surgery: 3D evaluation

Authors

Robin Malik¹, Kalyani Y.Joshi^2,*, Rakesh Kumar Verma³, Manjiri Salkar⁴, Ashtha Arya⁵ & Maheswari Eluru⁶

Affiliation

¹Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Santosh Dental College, Santosh (Deemed to be) University, Ghaziabad, NCR Delhi, India; ²Department of Dentistry, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India; ³Department of Periodontics, Maharaja Ganga Singh Dental College & Research Centre, Sriganganagar, Rajasthan, India; ⁴Department of Dentistry, MGV’s KBH Dental college and hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India; ⁵Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India; ⁶Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA; *Corresponding author

Email

Robin Malik - E-mail: robin143in@gmail.com
Kalyani Y. Joshi - E-mail: kalyanistare@gmail.com; kalyanijoshi@mgims.ac.in
Rakesh Kumar Verma - E-mail: vivan26sept2015@gmail.com
Manjiri Salkar - E-mail: drmanjirisalkar@gmail.com
Ashtha Arya - E-mail: drashthaarya@yahoo.co.in
Maheswari Eluru - E-mail: meluru@asu.edu

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received May 1, 2026; Revised May 31, 2026; Accepted May 31, 2026, Published May 31, 2026

Abstract

Loss of alveolar bone and risk of root resorption during pre-prosthetic orthodontic treatment can compromise successful implant placement and long-term stability. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate three-dimensional changes in root morphology and alveolar bone in teeth undergoing pre-prosthetic orthodontic treatment combined with endodontic retreatment prior to implant placement. Hence, a total of 40 teeth from adult patients were assessed using pre- and post-treatment CBCT scans to measure root length, cortical bone thickness, alveolar crest height, and bone density. The results showed a mild but significant reduction in root length, indicating minimal external root resorption. Significant increases in buccal and lingual cortical bone thickness and bone density were observed, while alveolar crest height remained stable. This interdisciplinary approach appears safe and effective, providing favorable bone conditions for predictable implant placement and long-term success.

Keywords

Pre-prosthetic orthodontics, endodontic retreatment, dental implants, root resorption, alveolar bone remodeling, cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), cortical bone thickness, bone density

Citation

Malik et al. Bioinformation 22(5): 2905-2909 (2026)

Edited by

Rashmi Laddha

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.