Title
Cephalometric wits appraisal in cleft and non-cleft individuals using AI
Authors
Mohammad Khursheed Alam1, 2, 3,* & Ahmed Ali Alfawzan4,*
Affiliation
1Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 72345 Chennai, India; 3Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil lnternational University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh; 4Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia; *Corresponding author
Mohammad Khursheed Alam - E-mail: mkalam@ju.edu.sa
Ahmed Ali Alfawzan - E-mail: ah.alfawzan@qu.edu.sa
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received May 1, 2026; Revised May 31,
2026; Accepted May 31, 2026, Published May 31, 2026
Abstract
Variations in craniofacial morphology between individuals with cleft lip and palate and non-cleft populations require accurate evaluation for effective treatment planning. Therefore, it is of interest to compare demographic characteristics and Wits appraisal scores between cleft lip and palate and non-cleft individuals, while also assessing gender differences. Hence, a total of 123 participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample tests, and ANOVA to evaluate differences across groups. The results showed no significant gender differences in Wits scores, but significant variations were observed between cleft and non-cleft groups and among different cleft types (p < 0.05). Thus, we show the importance of considering cleft-related morphological variations for individualized orthodontic and craniofacial treatment planning.
Keywords
Cleft lip and palate (CLP); wits appraisal; Saudi; children
Citation
Alam & Afawzan et al. Bioinformation 22(5): 3023-3028 (2026)
Edited by
P Kangueane
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
