Title
Diaspora of oral maxillofacial pathology and dermatopathology - A review
Authors
Pazhanivel Kandasamy1, Maimoona Abdul Khader2 , Barun Kumar Sharma3, Shanawaz Abdul Kader Hakam4, Sruti Murali5 & Karthik Shunmugavelu6,*
Affiliation
1Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Thai Moogamabigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India; 2Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics MES Dental College, Perithalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala, India; 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and hospital Navi Mumbai, India; 4Private practitioner, Safa Al Bawadi Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 5Private Practitioner, independent researcher and oral and maxillofacial pathologist, Vijaya Dental Care and Implant Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 6Department of Dentistry, PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tambaram, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu 631604, India; *Corresponding author
Pazhanivel Kandasamy - E-mail: mmdcdentalomfp@gmail.com
Maimoona Abdul Khader - E-mail: drmaimoo@gmail.com
Barun Kumar Sharma - E-mail:
dr.barunkumar18@gmail.com
Shanawaz Abdul Kader Hakam - E-mail: shanawazhakam@gmail.com
Sruti Murali - E-mail: srutimurali@hotmail.com
Karthik Shunmugavelu - E-mail: drkarthiks1981@gmail.com
Article Type
Review
Date
Received May 1, 2026; Revised May 31,
2026; Accepted May 31, 2026, Published May 31, 2026
Abstract
The oral cavity is an important diagnostic window because it frequently reflects dermatological, infectious, autoimmune, genetic and systemic disorders. Oral lesions may precede cutaneous or systemic manifestations in several conditions, including lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, viral infections, connective tissue disorders, vasculitic syndromes and immunodeficiency-associated diseases. The clinical appearance of oral lesions is often modified by salivation, mastication, microbial colonization, trauma and the thin nature of non-keratinized mucosa. Therefore, lesions that appear as vesicles or bullae on skin may present intraorally as erosions, ulcers, pseudomembranes, or erythematous areas. Recognition of these oral “sentinel” lesions is clinically important because early diagnosis can improve patient outcomes, guide systemic evaluation and facilitate timely referral. Thus, we review the clinicopathological basis of oral–cutaneous correlation and summarize important infectious, autoimmune, vesiculobullous, vasculitic, genetic, emergency, granulomatous and histiocytic disorders with oral manifestations. Hence, a multidisciplinary approach involving dentists, dermatologists, physicians and pathologists is essential for accurate diagnosis and comprehensive management.
Keywords
Oral mucosa; oral lesions; mucocutaneous disorders; dermatology; systemic diseases; sentinel lesions
Citation
Kandasamy et al. Bioinformation 22(5): 3036-3042 (2026)
Edited by
P Kangueane
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
