Title
Comparative evaluation of microleakage and internal voids in class II restorations using open sandwich technique: An in vitro study
Authors
Kirti Rathee1,*, Reena Rani2, Parthivi Singh3, Heena Gandhi4, Lakshika Sharma5 & Sagar Hiwale6
Affiliation
1Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Studies & Technologies, Modinagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; 2Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; 3Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Peoples Dental Academy, Peoples University, Bhopal Madhya Pradesh, India; 4Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 5Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ITS Dental College, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; 6Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Inderprastha Dental College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author
Kirti Rathee - E-mail: kirtirathee08@gmail.com
Reena Rani - E-mail: reenachouhan521@gmail.com
Parthivi Singh - E-mail: piyu3090@gmail.com
Heena Gandhi - E-mail: drheenagandhi4@gmail.com
Lakshika Sharma - E-mail: lakshikasharma199@gmail.com
Sagar Hiwale - E-mail: dr.sagarhiwale@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received June 1, 2026; Revised June 30, 2026; Accepted June 30, 2026, Published June 30, 2026
Abstract
The achievement of a durable and hermetic seal at the tooth restoration interface remains a significant challenge in restorative dentistry, particularly with Class II composite restorations. Therefore, it is of interest to compare microleakage and internal voids in Class II restorations using different intermediate materials in the open sandwich technique. The materials evaluated included ACTIVA Bioactive, Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR) and a control group with nanohybrid composite. Data showed that ACTIVA Bioactive showed the least microleakage and void formation, followed by RMGIC and SDR. Thus, we show the superior performance of bioactive materials in improving marginal sealing and reducing void formation in composite restorations.
Keywords
Microleakage, internal voids, Class II restorations, sandwich technique, ACTIVA Bioactive, composite restoration
Citation
Rathee et al. Bioinformation 22(6): 3254-3258 (2026)
Edited by
Ritik Kashwani
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
