Monitoring complications of botulinum toxin in community practice: A pharmacological study

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Title	Monitoring complications of botulinum toxin in community practice: A pharmacological study
Authors	Ambili Remeshš, Taskeen Kaur Sethi˛, Sree Ram Subba Reddy Gudimetlał, J. Dhanuja Rani⁴, Debanti Giri⁵, Rahul Tiwari^6,*, Heena Dixit Tiwari⁷ & Afroz Kalmee Syed⁸
Affiliation	šDepartment of Pharmacology, Sree Uthradom Thirunal Academy of Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; ˛Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Luxmibai Dental College, Patiala, Punjab, India; łDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Sree Mithra Dental and MaxFace Specialists, Tanuku andhra Pradesh, India; ⁴Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Ballari, Karnataka, India; ⁵Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Dr. R Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; ⁶Department of Dental Research Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pimpri, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India; ⁷Department of Blood Cell, Commissionerate of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Telangana, Hyderabad, India; ⁸Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Scientific Medical Writer, Writing and Publications, Tenali andhra Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author
Email	Ambili Remesh - E-mail: dr.ambiliremesh@gmail.com Taskeen Kaur Sethi - E-mail: taskeensethi21@gmail.com Sree Ram Subba Reddy Gudimetla - E-mail: shreeramshree@gmail.com J Dhanuja Rani - E-mail: dhanujaranij@gmail.com Debanti Giri - E-mail: drdebantigiri@gmail.com Rahul Tiwari - E-mail: rahul.tiwari@dpu.edu.in Heena Dixit Tiwari - E-mail: drheenatiwari@gmail.com Afroz Kalmee Syed - E-mail: afrozsyed05@gmail.com
Article Type	Research Article
Date	Received June 1, 2026; Revised June 30, 2026; Accepted June 30, 2026, Published June 30, 2026
Abstract	Botulinum toxin is widely used for cosmetic wrinkle reduction, hyperhidrosis, chronic migraine and facial muscle disorders, but concerns persist regarding adverse effects related to injection technique, toxin diffusion and practitioner variability. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the complication rates of community-based botulinum toxin therapy and characterize the clinical presentations of its associated adverse effects. A prospective pharmacological observational study was conducted on 120 patients receiving botulinum toxin type A injections. Majority of complications were mild and transient, with injection-site pain and bruising representing the most common local adverse effects. Thus, data shows the botulinum toxin injections performed by trained practitioners have a favorable safety profile in community practice.
Keywords	Botulinum toxin, adverse effects, pharmacovigilance, cosmetic procedures, drug safety
Citation	Ramesh et al. Bioinformation 22(6): 3718-3722 (2026)
Edited by	Vini Mehta
ISSN	0973-2063
Publisher	Biomedical Informatics
License	This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.