Title
Long-term clinical outcomes of CAD-CAM milled versus 3D-printed removable partial dentures
Authors
Ghazala Khurshid1, Sarah Hesham Ahmed Mohamed Eweis2,* Maheswari Eluru3, Tushar S. Waghmare4, Anjali Singh5 & Doddy Lokanathan Balaji6
Affiliation
1Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Consultant at Lake View Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India; 2Department of General Dentistry, Nova international medical complex, Jeddah, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA; 4Department of Prosthodontics, Saraswati Dhanwantari Dental College & Hospital, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India; 5Department of Prosthodontics, Daswani Dental College, Kota, Rajasthan, India; 6Department of Prosthodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India; *Corresponding author
Ghazala Khurshid - E-mail: drghazala1395@gmail.com
Sarah Hesham Ahmed Mohamed Eweis - E-mail: drsaraheweis@gmail.com; sarahhesham@novamedicals.org
Maheswari Eluru - E-mail: meluru@asu.edu
Tushar S. Waghmare - E-mail: waghmaret22@gmail.com
Anjali Singh - E-mail: singhanjali28@gmail.com
Doddy Lokanathan Balaji - E-mail: lokanathan.balaji@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received July 1, 2026; Revised July 31, 2026; Accepted July 31, 2026, Published July 31, 2026
Abstract
Limited evidence exists regarding the long-term clinical performance, patient satisfaction and prosthesis outcomes of CAD-CAM milled and 3D-printed removable partial dentures (RPDs). Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the long-term clinical performance, patient satisfaction and prosthesis outcomes of CAD-CAM milled and 3D-printed removable partial dentures (RPDs) in 60 patients over a 24-month period. Framework fit, retention, stability, required adjustments and functional outcomes were assessed at multiple follow-up intervals along with patient-reported parameters including comfort, aesthetics and masticatory efficiency. Both groups demonstrated satisfactory clinical performance and aesthetics throughout the study duration. However, CAD-CAM milled RPDs showed significantly better framework fit, retention and required fewer adjustments, with higher patient satisfaction scores (p < 0.05), while functional outcomes were comparable between the groups. Thus, data shows the both fabrication methods are clinically reliable, although CAD-CAM milled RPDs offer superior precision and patient comfort.
Keywords
Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM), 3D printing, removable partial denture (RPDs), clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, prosthesis fit
Citation
Khurshid et al. Bioinformation 22(7): 3834-3838 (2026)
Edited by
Rashmi Laddha
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
