Title
BUN: Albumin ratio as a prognostic indicator in sepsis - An Indian study
Authors
Utkarsh Khadke*, Mini Bhatnagar, Danish Naik & Uppal Sanchit
Affiliation
Department of General Medicine, M.M. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (MMIMSR), Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India; *Corresponding author
Utkarsh Khadke - E-mail: utkarsh@mmumullana.org
Mini Bhatnagar - E-mail: minibhatnagar@mmumullana.org
Danish Naik - E-mail: danish@mmumullana.org
Uppal Sanchit - E-mail: sanchit@mmumullana.org
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received July 1, 2026; Revised July 31, 2026; Accepted July 31, 2026, Published July 31, 2026
Abstract
Sepsis is a major cause of death globally, with resource limited settings lacking tools for its diagnosis and prognosticating preventing timely intervention and increasing mortality and morbidities. This prospective study of 150 adult sepsis patients in India assessed the Blood Urea Nitrogen to Albumin Ratio (BAR) at admission as a prognostic marker. A BAR >9.5 was associated with significantly higher mortality (80% versus 16.9%, p < 0.001), greater need for ventilator (77.6%) and inotropic support (84.7%) and longer hospital stays. ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.74, sensitivity 79.7% and specificity 66.7% with moderate correlation to SOFA (r = 0.301) and APACHE II (r = 0.414) scores. Thus, BAR’s simplicity and predictive value support its use for early risk stratification in sepsis, especially in resource-limited settings.
Keywords
Sepsis, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen to albumin ratio (BAR), prognostic biomarker, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), APACHE II, mortality, intensive care unit (ICU)
Citation
Khadke et al. Bioinformation 22(7): 4013-4017 (2026)
Edited by
P Kangueane
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
