Title
Effect of implant surface nanotopography on neutrophil extracellular trap formation: An in vitro study
Authors
Sourav Panda1, Deepak Sharma2, Karthikeyan Vasudevan3, Pramod D.S Raghavendra4, Abhaya Chandra Das1,* & Sunny Mavi5
Affiliation
1Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 2Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College, Sheopur, Madhya Pradesh, India; 3Department of Prosthodontist, SRM Dental College, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India; 4Registrar Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Riyadh First Health cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Periodontics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India; *Corresponding author
Sourav Panda - E-mail: drsaurav87@gmail.com
Deepak Sharma - E-mail: drdeepaksharma2900@gmail.com
Karthikeyan Vasudevan - E-mail: drkarthikvasudev@gmail.com
Pramod D.S Raghavendra - E-mail: pramoddsr@gmail.com
Abhaya Chandra Das - E-mail: abhayadas@soa.ac.in
Sunny Mavi - E-mail: snnymavi@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received July 1, 2026; Revised July 31, 2026; Accepted July 31, 2026, Published July 31, 2026
Abstract
Excessive neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation during the early healing phase around dental implants may impair peri implant tissue integration, yet the influence of implant surface nanotopography on NET formation remains unclear. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the isolated human neutrophil responses to five titanium implant surface modifications (machined smooth, micro-rough, nanoporous, nanotubular and nano-hydrophilic) using extracellular DNA release, myeloperoxidase-DNA complexes, citrullinated histone H3 immunofluorescence, neutrophil elastase activity, reactive oxygen species production and cell viability. Extracellular DNA release was highest on machined smooth titanium (154.6 ± 21.8 ng/mL) and lowest on nano-hydrophilic titanium (86.9 ± 15.7 ng/mL), with significant differences in NET markers, elastase activity and ROS levels among groups (p<0.001). Nano hydrophilic and nanotubular titanium surfaces significantly reduced NET formation without compromising short-term neutrophil viability. Thus, data shows that implant surface nanotopography can beneficially modulate the early inflammatory response and may enhance peri-implant healing by limiting excessive NET formation.
Keywords
Dental implant, titanium, nanotopography, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), NETosis, osseointegration, in vitro study
Citation
Panda et al. Bioinformation 22(7): 4380-4385 (2026)
Edited by
Hiroj Bagde
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
