Title
Incisor position versus alveolar bone spatial relation in untreated malocclusions: A dolphin software cephalometric study
Authors
Abhijit Kumar Sadhu1,*, Sowjanya Gunukula2, Sibani Sarangi3, Sawita Kumari4, Simran Kaur5, M. Pushpa Valli6 & Anukriti Kumari7
Affiliation
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sri Sai College of Dental Surgery, Vikarabad, Hyderabad, Telangana India; 2Department of General Dentistry, Flomo Dental, Private Clinic, Lewisville TX 75056; 3Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of 3Dental Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; 4Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Shri Balaji Institute of Dental Science, Mowa, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India; 5Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manav Rachna Dental College, Faridabad, Harayana, India; 6Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Narayana Dental College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India; 7Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author
Abhijit Kumar Sadhu - E-mail: abhijeetkumarsadhugob@gmail.com
Sowjanya Gunukula - E-mail: drgunukula.dds@gmail.com
Sibani Sarangi - E-mail: sibanisarangi94@gmail.com
Sawita Kumari - E-mail: drsawita11@gmail.com
Simran Kaur - E-mail: drsimrankmakkar@gmail.com
M. Pushpa Valli - E-mail: m.pushpalucky@gmail.com
Anukriti Kumari- E-mail: anukritishrma0@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received July 1, 2026; Revised July 31, 2026; Accepted July 31, 2026, Published July 31, 2026
Abstract
Untreated malocclusions often alter incisor inclination and alveolar bone relationships, creating challenges in safe orthodontic tooth movement and increasing the risk of periodontal damage. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the incisor position and alveolar bone spatial relationships among Class I bimaxillary protrusion, Class II Division 1 and Class III malocclusion groups using Dolphin 11.95 software. One hundred untreated lateral cephalograms were evaluated for maxillary and mandibular alveolar thickness, incisor inclination and root position. Significant differences were observed in incisor inclination and root position among the malocclusion groups, indicating dentoalveolar compensation associated with skeletal discrepancies. Thus, data shows the importance of identifying anatomical limitations of incisor movement in different untreated malocclusions, thereby supporting safer and more effective orthodontic treatment planning.
Keywords
Malocclusion, incisor inclination, alveolar bone thickness (ABT), cephalometric analysis, orthodontic treatment planning
Citation
Sadhu et al. Bioinformation 22(7): 4417-4426 (2026)
Edited by
Ritik Kashwani
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
