Title

Generalized anxiety disorder and lipoprotein (a): A biomarker-based case–control analysis

Authors

Kapil Raghuwanshi¹, Vikas Rangare², Jyoti Nagwanshi², Mahendra Gandhe^1,* & Sharad Manore³

Affiliation

¹Department of Biochemistry, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India; ²Department of Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India; ³Department of Psychiatry, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India; *Corresponding Author

Email

Kapil Raghuwanshi - E-mail: drkapilraghuwanshi28@gmail.com
Vikas Rangare - E-mail: vikasrangare80@gmail.com
Jyoti Nagwanshi - E-mail: jyoti.nagwanshi13@gmail.com
Mahendra Gandhe - E-mail: drmahendragandhe@gmail.com
Sharad Manore - E-mail: drsharadmanore@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026

Abstract

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) links to cardiovascular risk through inflammation and lipid dysregulation, yet lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) elevation and its relationship to anxiety severity remain underexplored. Therefore, it is of interest to measure the fasting serum Lp(a) via immunoturbidimetric assay in 100 GAD adults versus 100 matched controls, alongside Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) assessments and multivariable regression analysis. GAD patients showed significantly elevated Lp(a) (35.2 ± 9.8 mg/dL versus 21.5 ± 7.3 mg/dL; p < 0.0001), rising progressively from mild (30.1 ± 6.7 mg/dL) to moderate-severe anxiety (49.2 ± 10.2 mg/dL; p < 0.0001). HAM-A scores strongly correlated with Lp(a) (r = 0.64, p < 0.0001), with anxiety independently predicting levels after age/gender adjustment (β = 0.59, p < 0.0001). Thus, data shows that Lp(a) as a severity-linked biomarker connecting GAD pathophysiology to high cardiovascular risk, supporting its role in preventive monitoring.

Keywords

Generalized anxiety disorder, lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), anxiety severity, cardiovascular risk, inflammation

Citation

Raghuwanshi et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 4838-4842 (2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.