Title
Molecular and regenerative responses in traumatized immature permanent teeth: A mini review
Authors
Daniela Flores Vaccaro1,*, Adisley Triay Aguilar2, Marieddy Valbuena Caraballo3, Natalia Rojas Favara4, Arianne Machado Alvarez5 & Matias Concha Cuneo6
Affiliation
1Department of Dentistry, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru; Roseman College of Dental Medicine, United States; 2Department of Dentistry, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Mayabeque, Cuba, Caribbean; 3Department of Dentistry, Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela, South America; 4Department of Dentistry, Universidad José Antonio Páez, Venezuela, South America; 5Department of Dentistry, Universidad de Carabobo, Venezuela, South America; 6Department of Dentistry, Universidad Andrés Bello, Chile, South America; * Corresponding author
Daniela Flores Vaccaro - E-mail: vvaccaro@roseman.edu
Adisley Triay Aguilar - E-mail: aisley.triay@gmail.com
Marieddy Valbuena Caraballo - E-mail: drvalbuenamarie@gmail.com
Natalia Rojas Favara - E-mail: rojasfavaranatalia@gmail.com
Arianne Machado Alvarez - E-mail: arianne.machadoa@gmail.com
Matias Concha Cuneo - E-mail: m.conchacuneo@gmail.com
Article Type
Views
Date
Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026
Abstract
Traumatic dental injuries frequently affect immature permanent teeth, whose open apices and apical papilla stem cells confer distinctive healing potential. Therefore, it is of interest to examine the post-traumatic pulp survival, the balance of inflammatory and reparative signaling and regenerative endodontics. Persistent cytokine and NF-κB activity, matrix metalloproteinases and osteoclastic signaling drive necrosis and root resorption, whereas Wnt/β-catenin and mineralization pathways favor reparative dentinogenesis and continued root maturation. Thus, data show that regenerative endodontic procedures and emerging cell-free, biomarker-guided strategies point toward personalized care, although outcomes remain largely reparative and demand standardization.
Keywords
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), immature permanent teeth, pulp regeneration, inflammatory biomarkers, regenerative endodontics
Citation
Vaccaro et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 4892-4894 (2026)
Edited by
P Kangueane
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
