Title

Panoramic radiography with lateral cephalometry for age and gender estimation

Authors

Richa Sharma^1,*, Anuj Bhargava¹ & Durgesh Kumar Sharma²

Affiliation

¹Department of Dentistry, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India; ²Department of Community Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India;*Corresponding author

Email

Richa Sharma -E-mail: richa.sharma.rs25@gmail.com; Phone: +91 9754026417
Anuj Bhargava - E-mail: anujbhargava23@gmail.com
Durgesh Kumar Sharma - E-mail: durgesh.sharma1512@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026

Abstract

Accurate age and sex estimation remains a challenge in forensic science and clinical dentistry, as the reliability of commonly used radiographic indicators varies across populations. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the 100 healthy individuals aged 10–20 years using lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograms to compare dental age, cervical vertebral maturation and gonial angle measurements. Dental age and CVMI showed strong positive correlations with chronological age, while gonial angle was a weaker predictor despite age-related variation. Thus, data show that dental age and cervical vertebral maturation are more reliable for age estimation and orthopantomograms may better detect subtle sex-related differences in gonial angle than lateral cephalograms.

Keywords

Gender determination, age estimation, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM), chronological age, skeletal maturity

Citation

Sharma et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 4968-4974 (2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.