Title

Comparative evaluation of marginal fit and fracture resistance in polymethyl methacrylate interim crowns fabricated by 3D printing, CAD-CAM milling, conventional method: An in vitro study

Authors

Khadija Anwaar¹, Shailesh Jain²,*, Sahba Hassan³, Lalit Kumar⁴, Mohd Khateeb Khan⁵ & Yogesh Garg⁶

Affiliation

¹Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, I.T.S Dental College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; ²Department of Dentistry, GEIMS, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India; ³Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, I.T.S Dental College, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India; ⁴Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Community Health Centre Chandi, District Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India; ⁵Department of Public Health Dentistry, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, Assam, India; ⁶Department of Public Health Dentistry, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Khadija Anwaar - E-mail: drkhadija.dntlgn@its.edu.in
Shailesh Jain - E-mail: shaileshjain.geims@geu.ac.in
Sahba Hassan - E-mail: drsahba.dntlgn@its.edu.in
Lalit Kumar - E-mail:drlalitkumarki77@gmail.com
Mohd. Khateeb Khan - E-mail:Khateeb0990@gmail.com
Yogesh Garg - E-mail: yogeshgarg1988@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026

Abstract

Inadequate marginal adaptation and reduced fracture resistance of conventionally fabricated provisional crowns remain major clinical concerns in fixed prosthodontics. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the marginal fit and fracture resistance of 78 PMMA interim crowns fabricated using three different techniques: conventional fabrication, CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing. Provisional crowns should have optimal marginal fit and strength, during the interim period. The fit and fracture resistance of 78 samples of interim crowns made of PMMA using 3 different fabrication methods (conventional fabrication technique, CAD/CAM milling technique and 3D printing technique) were tested. Fit was determined by using scanning electron microscope, while fracture resistance was tested by using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The results of the investigation showed CAD/ CAM fabricated crowns demonstrated better marginal fit and greater fracture resistance than either of the other two methods. Thus, data shows that 3D printed interim crowns may be an acceptable method of construction, based on clinical need and have limitations.

Keywords

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), provisional crowns, computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), 3D printing, marginal fit, fracture resistance

Citation

Anwaar et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 5133-5136 (2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.