Title

Prospective observational comparison of propofol–ketamine, propofol–fentanyl, propofol– dexmedetomidine combinations on intraoperative hemodynamics, post-operative recovery in upper abdominal surgery

Authors

Sonali Tripathi¹, Manish Kumar Dwivedi², Pramod Kumar Verma³, Abhay Kumar¹ & Ritesh Upadhyay^2,*

Affiliation

¹Department of Anesthesiology and ENT, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India; ²Department of Anesthesiology and Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India; ³Department of Community Medicine, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Sonali Tripathi - E-mail: dr.sonali.tripathi@gmail.com
Manish Kumar Dwivedi - E-mail: drmanishdwivedi007@gmail.com
Pramod Kumar Verma - E-mail: pramodkstats76@gmail.com
Abhay Kumar - E-mail: abhaykr20@yahoo.co.in
Ritesh Upadhyay - E-mail: drritesh311@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026

Abstract

Balanced general anesthesia optimization remains challenging as propofol adjuvants (dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, ketamine) uniquely affect intraoperative hemodynamics and post-operative recovery profiles. Therefore, it is of interest to compare the propofol-dexmedetomidine (PD), propofol-fentanyl (PF) and propofol-ketamine (PK) in 114 ASA I-II patients (18-65 years) undergoing elective upper abdominal surgery. PD provided superior hemodynamic stability (reduced HR/BP versus PK/PF; p<0.05), while PF achieved fastest recovery; PK minimized post-operative analgesic needs across VAS assessments. Oxygen saturation and EtCO2 remained comparable (p>0.05), through PD showed deeper sedation (Modified Ramsay) versus PF's rapid Aldrete recovery. Thus, data shows the adjuvant-specific profiles—PD for stability, PF for recovery speed, PK for analgesia, enabling clinical goal-directed anesthetic selection.

Keywords

Dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, hemodynamics, ketamine, propofol, recovery

Citation

Thirupathi et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 5143-5148 (2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.