Title

Evaluation of maxillary sinus variations using cone beam computed tomography and their association with posterior dental pathologies

Authors

Roshnee Bhattacharya^1,*, Akhil Trivedi², Nikil Kumar Jain³, Bassam Alkhalifah⁴, Ashtha Arya⁵ & Vipin Arora⁶

Affiliation

¹Department of Dentistry, Jaipur National University Institute for Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India; ²Department of Dentistry, Government Medical College, Orai (Jalaun) MDS Oral Medicine and Radiology Uttar Pradesh, India; ³Department of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery Yogita Dental College and Hospital, Khed, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India; ⁴Department of Radiology College of Medicine Qassim University Buraydah, Saudi Arabia; ⁵Departmant of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, SGT Dental College, Hospital and Research Institute, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India; ⁶Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, *Corresponding author

Email

Roshnee Bhattacharya - E-mail: roshnee.bhattacharya@gmail.com
Akhil Trivedi - E-mail: akt6600@gmail.com
Nikil Kumar Jain - E-mail:nikiljainomfs@gmail.com
Bassam Alkhalifah - E-mail: b.alkhalifah@qu.edu.sa
Ashtha Arya - E-mail: drashthaarya@yahoo.co.in
Vipin Arora - E-mail: vipinendodontist@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026

Abstract

Maxillary sinus anatomical variations and mucosal abnormalities are frequently encountered on dental cone-beam computed tomography, but their relationship with posterior dental pathologies requires careful radiographic assessment. This retrospective CBCT study evaluated 300 patients and 600 maxillary sinuses for septa, pneumatization, mucosal thickening, retention cysts, ostium obstruction, periapical lesions, periodontal bone loss, endodontic status and root proximity to the sinus floor. Mucosal thickening was observed in 196 sinuses (32.7%), sinus septa in 135 (22.5%), marked alveolar pneumatization in 118 (19.7%) and retention cyst/polyp like opacity in 52 (8.7%). Periapical lesions (adjusted OR=3.12, 95% CI=2.01-4.86, p<0.001), severe periodontal bone loss (adjusted OR=2.28, p=0.003) and direct root contact with the sinus floor (adjusted OR=2.06, p=0.011) were significantly associated with mucosal thickening. Thus, CBCT provides clinically relevant information on sinus anatomy and odontogenic risk indicators, supporting its careful interpretation before posterior maxillary dental procedures.

Keywords

Maxillary sinus, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), mucosal thickening, periapical lesion, odontogenic sinusitis, posterior maxilla

Citation

Bhattacharya et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 5371-5375 (2026)

Edited by

Hiroj Bagde

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.