Title

Metformin and nano-metformin gels as adjuncts to periodontal therapy: A split-mouth trial

Authors

Rohit Ranjan¹, B.J. Janardhana Amaranath¹,*, Shikha Verma¹, Koushik Mukherjee², Utkarsh Singh¹ & Amit Yadav¹

Affiliation

¹Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College Hospital & Research Centre, Rama University, Mandhana, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India; ²Department of Periodontology, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India; *Corresponding author

Email

Rohit Ranjan - E-mail: drrohitperio2611@gmail.com; Phone: +91 8987249650
B.J. Janardhana Amaranath - E-mail: dramarbj@gmail.com
Shikha Verma - E-mail: vermashikha544@gmail.com
Koushik Mukherjee - E-mail: mukherjeedrkoushik@gmail.com
Utkarsh Singh - E-mail: drutkarshsinghsurgeon@gmail.com
Amit Yadav - E-mail: ay29jan92@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026

Abstract

Chronic periodontitis produces persistent periodontal inflammation, pocket formation, attachment loss and intrabony defects, while scaling and root planing alone may have limited access in deep and anatomically complex sites. Thirty systemically healthy participants contributed 90 intrabony defect sites in a split-mouth randomized design allocated to SRP with placebo gel, SRP with 1% metformin gel, or SRP with 1% nano-metformin gel; plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded at baseline, 1 month and 3 months and radiographic intrabony defect depth at baseline and 6 months. Plaque reduction was comparable among groups, whereas gingival inflammation, pocket depth, attachment level and radiographic defect depth improved significantly more with metformin-containing gels. The greatest improvements were observed with 1% nano-metformin, with mean reductions of 3.20 ± 0.49 mm in probing depth, 2.78 ± 0.68 mm in clinical attachment level and 2.35 ± 0.38 mm in intrabony defect depth. Thus, subgingival 1% metformin gel enhanced the effect of scaling and root planing and nano-metformin provided superior clinical and radiographic outcomes, suggesting a promising locally delivered regenerative adjunct for chronic periodontitis.

Keywords

Chronic periodontitis, local drug delivery, metformin, nano-metformin, scaling and root planing, intrabony defect

Citation

Ranjan et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 5480-5485 (2026)

Edited by

Hiroj Bagde

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.