Title
Effect of diabetic conditions on implant surface osseointegration: An in vitro simulation
Authors
Padmanabha Kumar Govindaraj1,*, Varun Deshpande2, V.K Vijay3, Pooja Arora4, Kunal Banka5 & Rajan Akole6
Affiliation
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MAHSA University, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia; 2Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge and Oral Implantology, PDU Dental College, Kegaon, Solapur, India; 3Department of Periodontology, RVS Dental College & Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India; 4Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5Implantologist, D Mall Dental Clinic, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India; 6Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guru Gobind Singh College of Dental Science and Research Center, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India; *Corresponding author
Padmanabha Kumar Govindaraj - E-mail:
padmanabha@mahsa.edu.my
Varun Deshpande - E-mail: dr.varundeshpande@gmail.com
V.K Vijay - E-mail: yajivsaran83@gmail.com
Pooja Arora - E-mail: drpoojaprosthodontist@gmail.com
Kunal Banka - E-mail: kbanka10@gmail.com
Rajan Akole - E-mail: rajanakole@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received August 1, 2026; Revised August 31, 2026; Accepted August 31, 2026, Published August 31, 2026
Abstract
Hyperglycemic diabetic conditions may impair the cellular events required for implant osseointegration, but controlled in vitro data comparing implant surface responses under diabetic simulation remain limited. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the osteoblast adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization and simulated bone-implant interface strength on machined, sandblasted acid-etched and hydrophilic implant surfaces under normal and high-glucose conditions. Ninety-six titanium discs and 48 threaded implant analogs were allocated to six experimental conditions and assessed using cell viability testing, scanning electron microscopy, alizarin red mineralization and pull-out resistance in polyurethane bone blocks. High glucose significantly reduced osteoblast viability (74.6 ± 8.3% vs 96.2 ± 7.1%; p<0.001), mineral deposition and interface strength, while hydrophilic surfaces showed the highest ALP activity and pull-out resistance under diabetic simulation (p<0.001). Thus, diabetic conditions adversely affected in vitro osseointegration markers, but hydrophilic micro-rough implant surfaces partially compensated for hyperglycemia-associated cellular impairment.
Keywords
Dental implant, diabetes mellitus (DM), osseointegration, hydrophilic surface, osteoblast, in vitro simulation, titanium surface
Citation
Govindaraj et al. Bioinformation 22(8): 5512-5516 (2026)
Edited by
Hiroj Bagde
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
