Title

Oral manifestations of systemic diseases in children: A cross sectional study

Authors

Mohd Khateeb Khan¹, Ahmad Danish Rehan², Saksham Madhok³, Ashish Jain^4, Prateek Jain⁵, Yogesh Garg⁶,* & Bharat Sankhla⁷

Affiliation

¹Department of Public Health Dentistry, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, Assam, India; ²Department of Dentistry, Zoram Medical College, Falkawn, Mizoram, India; ³Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Teerthanker Mahaveer Dental College and Research Centre, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India; ⁴Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & Research Centre, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁵Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maharana Pratap College of Dentistry & Research Centre, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India; ⁶Department of Public Health Dentistry, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India; ⁷Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan (RUHS College of Dental Science), India; *Corresponding author

Email

Mohd Khateeb Khan - E-mail: khateeb0990@gmail.com
Ahmad Danish Rehan - E-mail: danishrehan5293@gmail.com
Saksham Madhok - E-mail: drshaksham.dental@tmu.ac.in
Ashish Jain - E-mail: ashishj008@gmail.com
Prateek Jain - E-mail: drprateek.jain88@gmail.com
Yogesh Garg - E-mail: yogeshgarg1988@gmail.com
Bharat Sankhla - E-mail: drbhrt@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received September 1, 2026; Revised September 30, 2026; Accepted September 30, 2026, Published September 30, 2026
 

Abstract

Oral manifestations present with characteristic appearances that can be some of the first indications of systemic disease in children. A cross-sectional study of 200 children aged 0–14 years with proven systemic disorders underwent comprehensive oral examinations. Seventy-eight per cent of the participants had oral manifestations, with gingival inflammation being the most frequent finding. Recognition of these oral signs at an early stage will enable a timely diagnosis, thus emphasising the consideration of oral health in the management of paediatric preventive care.

Keywords

Oral manifestations, systemic diseases, pediatric patients, public health, gingival inflammation, mucosal lesions

Citation

Khan et al. Bioinformation 22(9): 5527- 5531(2026)

Edited by

Vini Mehta

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.