Title
Periodontal outcomes following extraction and nonextraction orthodontic therapy
Authors
M.S Lakshmi1,*, Kanchan Sharma2, Neal Bharat Kedia3, Namrata Dogra4, Shaik Aneesa Tafheem5, Mutha Madhulatha6 & Miral Mehta7
Affiliation
1Department of Dentistry, Adichunchangiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, B G Nagara, Mandya, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Awadh Dental College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India; 3Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India; 4Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India; 5Department of Periodontology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India; 6Department of Periodontology, Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India; 7Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India; *Corresponding author
M.S Lakshmi - E-mail: mslakshmi140@gmail.com
Kanchan Sharma - E-mail: kanchansharma10022018@gmail.com;
Neal Bharat Kedia - E-mail: sky20083@gmail.com
Namrata Dogra - E-mail: namrata.research123@gmail.com
Shaik Aneesa Tafheem - E-mail: aneesatafheem477@gmail.com
Mutha Madhulatha - E-mail: drmadhu.88@gmail.com
Miral Mehta - E-mail: miralmehta@karnavatiuniversity.edu.in
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received September 1, 2026; Revised September 30, 2026; Accepted
September 30, 2026, Published September 30, 2026
Abstract
Depending on malocclusion severity, crowding, facial profile, and periodontal status, orthodontic treatment may be carried out with either extraction or non-extraction approaches, both of which can affect periodontal health. Hence, this comparative study evaluated 100 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy to assess changes in plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession before and after treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to extraction and non-extraction groups in a 1:1 ratio, and periodontal parameters were analyzed using standardized clinical indices with significance set at p < 0.05. Both groups showed slight deterioration in periodontal status during treatment, but extraction therapy was associated with greater plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation, likely due to longer treatment duration and space-closing mechanics; however, overall periodontal health remained clinically acceptable with good oral hygiene. Thus, we show that oral hygiene compliance and treatment duration influence periodontal outcomes more strongly than the choice between extraction and non-extraction therapy.
Keywords
Orthodontic therapy, extraction orthodontics, non-extraction orthodontics, periodontal outcomes, gingival index, plaque index, fixed orthodontic treatment
Citation
Lakshmi et al. Bioinformation 22(9): 5552-5557 (2026)
Edited by
Vini Mehta
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
