Title

Habit-driven risk determinants of oral potentially malignant disorders: A multivariate analysis

Authors

C.P. Muhammed Faiz¹, Eragattapu Sulochana², Harshika Jain³, Ritu Raj Gupta⁴, Pranjal Charingia⁴, T.H Farzhana⁵ & Nancy Jidiya⁶,*

Affiliation

¹Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Century Dental College, Poinachi, Kasaragod, Kerala, India; ²Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India; ³Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences and Technologies, India; ⁴Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Regional Dental College, Guwahati, India; ⁵Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Century Dental College, Poinachi, Kasaragod, Kerala, India; ⁶Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Science, Nadiad, Gujarat, India; *Corresponding author

Email

C.P. Muhammed Faiz - E-mail: drfaizcp@gmail.com
Eragattapu Sulochana - E-mail: eragttapusulochana@gmail.com
Harshika Jain - E-mail: harshikajain006@gmail.com
Ritu Raj Gupta - E-mail: guptarituraj701@gmail.com
Pranjal Charingia - E-mail: pranjalcharingia444@gmail.com
T.H. Farzhana- E-mail: farzhana.habeeb@gmail.com
Nancy Jidiya - E-mail: nancygediya30@gmail.com

Article Type

Research Article

Date

Received September 1, 2026; Revised September 30, 2026; Accepted September 30, 2026, Published September 30, 2026
 

Abstract

Oral potentially malignant disorders are strongly associated with tobacco and areca nut habits, but their specific risk determinants remain unclear. Therefore, it is of interest to assess the habit-related determinants of oral potentially malignant disorders in 700 tobacco and areca nut users. Oral mucosal lesions occurred in 535 users (76.43%) and in none of the 700 matched habit-negative controls. Tobacco pouch keratosis (20.37%) and oral submucous fibrosis (18.88%) were the most prevalent lesions. Independent predictors were mixed habits (aOR 5.31), smokeless tobacco (4.14), smoking (3.25), male gender (3.15) and frequency ≥6/day (2.34). Thus, habit type and frequency were the dominant risk drivers, supporting cessation counselling and targeted screening.

Keywords

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), tobacco, areca nut, oral submucous fibrosis, tobacco pouch keratosis, logistic regression, Ahmedabad, risk factors, habit frequency, Gujarat

Citation

Faiz et al. Bioinformation 22(9): 6024-6030 (2026)

Edited by

Ruby Singh

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.